CLASS IX PRACTICAL PROCEDURE

SEPERATION OF MIXTURES

AIM: To seperate the following mixtures into pure substances

(i) Mixture of Iron fillings and sand

(ii) Mixture of Ammonium chloride and Sodium chloride

(iii) Mixture of oil and water

(iv) Mixture of two coloured inks

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Separating funnel, funnel, beaker, china dish, funnel etc

CHEMICALS AND SUBSTANCES REQUIRED:

Ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, oil, water, mixture of red and blue ink, iron fillings , sand

PROCEDURE:

SEPARATION OF IRON FILLINGS AND SAND

This method of seperation is based on magnetic property.

(i) Mixture of iron fillings and sand is taken in a china dish.

(ii) place a bar magnet/ magnet in the mixture.

(iii) When magnet is placed we find some particles getting attached to it.

(iv) Remove the particles attached to the magnet into an empty china dish

(v) Repeat the procedure of placing the magnet in the mixture until no particles get attached to it.

(vi) Now the substances present in the mixture got seperated.

(vii) Iron fillings have the property of getting attracted to the magnet, and that is how we separate them from mixture of sand particles.

SEPARATION OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE

(i) Ammonium chloride undergoes sublimation on heating, making use of this property it is separated from sodium chloride mixture.
(iii) The mixture is taken in a china dish and closed with a funnel and plugged with cotton.
(iv) The china dish containing the mixture is placed on a wire guaze of tripod stand and heated with a bunsen burner.
(v) After some time we find fumes inside the funnel, these fumes condense on walls of the funnel.
(vi) Heating is done untill all ammonium chloride gets sublimed.
(vi) Then we will be left over with sodium chloride in the china dish.
(vii) This is how the mixture is seperated.

SEPARATION OF MIXTURE OF OIL AND WATER

(i) Mixture containing oil and water is taken into a separating funnel and left undisturbed for few minutes by closing its stopper.
(ii) After few minutes we find oil and water getting separated into two layers, the denser water is present in the lower layer and lighter oil in the upper layer of the separating funnel.
(iii) Slowly without disturbing the funnel the stopper is opened to run down the water, stopper is close immediately when the water layer is run down completely.
(iv) Then we will be left over with oil in the separating funnel and water outside in which it is collected.

SEPARATION OF RED AND BLUE INK PRESENT IN MIXTURE

(i) To separate red colour ink from blue colour ink we use method called CHROMATOGRAPHY.
(ii) In this method a filter paper is taken and on four sides margin is drawn, from the bottom 1cm above a line is drawn.
(iii) on this line at the centre with a needle the mixture of ink is placed.
(iv) This paper is kept in a beaker containing alcohol and left undisturbed for sometime.
(v) After some time we find the two colours getting separated .
(vi) This is because, when the paper spotted with mixture of colours is placed in alcohol, the colours get dissolved in it, as alcohol rises up the paper the colours also depending upon their speed also rise up get separated.